Personalized Medicine of Diabetes Retinopathy: From Bench to Bedside

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Personalized Medicine of Diabetes Retinopathy: From Bench to Bedside is written by Kai Jin and published by Frontiers Media SA. It's available with International Standard Book Number or ISBN identification 283256240X (ISBN 10) and 9782832562406 (ISBN 13).

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a common complication associated with diabetes mellitus, resulting in significant visual impairment in middle-aged and elderly individuals. The advanced stages of DR, including proliferative DR and diabetic macular edema, are characterized by the abnormal growth of new retinal blood vessels and exudation in the central part of the retina, respectively. As well as microvascular diseases, retinal neurodegeneration also plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of DR. The complex interplay of pathophysiological mechanisms triggered by hyperglycemia, genetic and epigenetic factors, increased production of free radicals, advanced glycosylation end products, inflammatory factors, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), all contribute to the development of DR. Anti-VEGF therapy is currently the recommended treatment for diabetic macular edema, while laser photocoagulation is effective in preventing severe vision loss in eyes with proliferative DR. The identification of biomarkers for DR progression and the recognition of various DR phenotypes with varying risks for vision-threatening complications call for new insights for understanding DR pathogenesis and personalized treatment.