Understanding Obesity to Determine the Best Therapeutic Option: From Lifestyle Interventions to Therapies

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Understanding Obesity to Determine the Best Therapeutic Option: From Lifestyle Interventions to Therapies is written by Evelyn Frias-Toral and published by Frontiers Media SA. It's available with International Standard Book Number or ISBN identification 2832560393 (ISBN 10) and 9782832560396 (ISBN 13).

We are currently facing an obesity pandemic that affects individuals of all age groups, geographic areas, and social status, among others. Thus, it is essential to generate high-quality scientific evidence to better understand this pathology, its risk factors, and its treatments. Several modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors for the development of obesity have been identified. It has been demonstrated that obese patients have an increased risk of acquiring arterial hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and other chronic conditions. In order to take efficient actions to reverse or prevent these complications, it is also crucial to delve into body composition, lean mass, fat, bone mass, and sarcopenia in patients with obesity. In recent months, there have been developments in pharmacological therapies using GLP-1, GIP, and glucagon agonists, which seem to change the rules of the game regarding therapeutic decision-making in these patients worldwide. However, surgical techniques such as sleeve gastrectomy and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass continue to be the most effective and definitive interventions to achieve adequate weight loss in patients with obesity. Despite the pharmacological development, none of the clinical trials have shown that the operated patients reach more than 30% of the total body weight, as with bariatric surgery techniques. Furthermore, it is fundamental to analyze the impact of diverse therapeutic, non-surgical, and non-pharmacological options to address obesity, such as cognitive-behavioral interventions and different types of diets in combination with physical activity.