Fertilization and Early Embryogenesis: From Research to Clinical Practice

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Fertilization and Early Embryogenesis: From Research to Clinical Practice is written by Martin Anger and published by Frontiers Media SA. It's available with International Standard Book Number or ISBN identification 2832559255 (ISBN 10) and 9782832559253 (ISBN 13).

Early embryo development in mammals begins with the recognition and fusion of gametes of both sexes, followed by a series of mitotic cell divisions. The gamete fusion results in the formation of totipotent cells, which are capable of developing into three basic cell lineages in mammals. These include the trophoblast, surrounding the embryo and facilitating communication with the mother, the epiblast which develops into the fetus, and the primitive endoderm which forms the yolk sac. Until implantation, the embryos undergo remarkable changes, including histone modifications, chromatin remodeling, epigenetic modifications of chromatin, the onset of transcription from the embryonic genome, and the first differentiation to the formation of the trilaminar disc, containing all primary cell lineages required for the formation of fetal tissues and organs. Remarkably, some of the most complex events of early development, such as fertilization, are achieved during complete transcriptional silencing. Another unique feature is how fast the development proceeds. In humans, reaching the stage of early gastrulation takes approximately two weeks.